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Spain remains a major historic hearth of Catholicism, with nearly 29 million Catholics and a landscape of cathedrals, orders, and saints—from Saint James the Greater and the Camino de Santiago to Saint Teresa of Ávila and Our Lady of the Pillar. Introduced in antiquity and re-shaped through the Reconquista and global missions, Spanish Catholicism exported language, architecture, and devotion across Latin America and the Philippines while retaining a strong cultural presence at home.